Skip to main content
Clinicalinfo.HIV.gov logo.
In affiliation with HIV.gov
Main navigation
  • Home
  • About
  • Guidelines
  • Drug Database
  • Glossary
  • News
  • Resources
  • Contact Us
  • English
  1. Home
  2. Guidelines
  3. Capsid Inhibitors

Recommendations for the Use of Antiretroviral Drugs During Pregnancy and Interventions to Reduce Perinatal HIV Transmission in the United States

These guidelines were updated and approved by the Panel in December 2024, and were subsequently edited to comply with Executive Orders.

Search Guidelines

  • Perinatal HIV Clinical Guidelines (93)
  • HIV Clinical Guidelines: Pediatric ARV (86)
  • HIV Clinical Guidelines: Adult and Adolescent Opportunistic Infections (64)
  • HIV Clinical Guidelines: Adult and Adolescent ARV (62)
  • HIV Clinical Guidelines: Pediatric Opportunistic Infections (44)
  • Guidelines for Caring for People With HIV Displaced by Disasters (4)
Version:
Brief Full
What's New Panel Roster Financial Disclosure Introduction Pregnancy and Postpartum HIV Testing and Identification of Perinatal and Postnatal HIV Exposure Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) to Prevent HIV During Periconception, Antepartum, and Postpartum Periods
Overview
Reproductive Options When One or Both Partners Have HIV
Overview
Initial Evaluation and Continued Monitoring of HIV During Pregnancy
Antiretroviral Drug Resistance and Resistance Testing in Pregnancy
Overview
Use of Antiretroviral Drugs to Prevent Perinatal HIV Transmission and Improve Health During Pregnancy
Antiretroviral Therapy When Trying to Conceive
Lack of Experience With Antiretroviral Drugs During Pregnancy and Prior to Pregnancy (Antiretroviral-Naive)
Antiretroviral Therapy Use During Prepregnancy and Early Pregnancy
Previous Experience With Antiretroviral Medications but Not Currently on Antiretroviral Therapy During Current Pregnancy
Lack of Viral Suppression While on Antiretroviral Therapy in Pregnancy
Table 6. What to Start: Initial Antiretroviral Regimens During Pregnancy When Antiretroviral Therapy Has Never Been Received
Table 7. Situation-Specific Recommendations for Use of ARVs
Teratogenicity
Antiretroviral Drug Regimens and Pregnancy Outcomes
Hepatitis B Virus/HIV Coinfection
Hepatitis C Virus/HIV Coinfection
HIV-2 and Pregnancy
Prenatal Care, Antiretroviral Therapy, and HIV Management When HIV Was Perinatally Acquired
Early (Acute and Recent) HIV Infection
Intrapartum HIV Care Postpartum HIV Management and Follow-Up Preventing HIV Transmission During Infant Feeding
Antiretroviral Management of Infants With In Utero, Intrapartum, or Breastfeeding Exposure to HIV
Diagnosis of HIV in Infants and Children
Initial Postnatal Management of the Neonate Exposed to HIV
Long-Term Follow-Up of Infants Exposed to Antiretroviral Drugs
Drug Name Abbreviations
General Terms
Study and Trial Names
Table 14. Antiretroviral Drug Use in Pregnancy: Pharmacokinetic and Toxicity Data in Human Pregnancy and Recommendations for Use in Pregnancy
Abacavir (Ziagen, ABC)
Emtricitabine (Emtriva, FTC)
Lamivudine (Epivir, 3TC)
Tenofovir Alafenamide (Vemlidy, TAF)
Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (Viread, TDF)
Zidovudine (Retrovir, ZDV)
Doravirine (Pifeltro, DOR)
Efavirenz (EFV)
Etravirine (Intelence, ETR)
Nevirapine (Viramune, NVP)
Rilpivirine (Edurant, RPV)
Atazanavir (Reyataz, ATV)
Darunavir (Prezista, DRV)
Lopinavir/Ritonavir (Kaletra, LPV/r)
Fostemsavir (Rukobia, FTR)
Ibalizumab-uiyk (Trogarzo, IBA)
Maraviroc (Selzentry, MVC)
Lenacapavir (LEN)
Bictegravir (BIC)
Cabotegravir (CAB)
Dolutegravir (Tivicay, DTG)
Elvitegravir (EVG)
Raltegravir (Isentress, Isentress HD, RAL)
Ritonavir (Norvir, RTV)
Cobicistat (Tybost, COBI)
Overview
Amprenavir (Agenerase, APV)
Delavirdine (Rescriptor, DLV)
Didanosine (Videx, ddI)
Enfuvirtide (Fuzeon, T-20)
Fosamprenavir (Lexiva, FPV)
Indinavir (Crixivan, IDV)
Nelfinavir (Viracept, NFV)
Saquinavir (Invirase, SQV)
Stavudine (Zerit, d4T)
Tipranavir (Aptivus, TPV)
Zalcitabine (Hivid, ddC)
Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry
Appendix C: Antiretroviral Counseling Guide for Health Care Providers Appendix D: Review of Clinical Trials of Antiretroviral Interventions to Prevent Perinatal HIV Transmission (Archived)

Download Guidelines

Related Content

  • Clinicalinfo Drug Database
  • HIVinfo Fact Sheets: Preventing Perinatal Transmission of HIV
  • HIVinfo Fact Sheets: HIV Medicines During Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • HIVinfo Infographics: Protecting Baby From HIV
  • AETC National HIV Curriculum
  • How to Cite These Guidelines
  • Perinatal Archived Guidelines
Updated January 24, 2024 Reviewed January 24, 2024

Download Guidelines

Related Content

  • Clinicalinfo Drug Database
  • HIVinfo Fact Sheets: Preventing Perinatal Transmission of HIV
  • HIVinfo Fact Sheets: HIV Medicines During Pregnancy and Childbirth
  • HIVinfo Infographics: Protecting Baby From HIV
  • AETC National HIV Curriculum
  • How to Cite These Guidelines
  • Perinatal Archived Guidelines

CONNECT WITH US

Footer menu

  • Home
  • About
  • Guidelines
  • Drug Database
  • Glossary
  • News
  • Resources
  • Contact Us
  • Sponsors
  • Nondiscrimination Notice
  • Accessibility
  • Disclaimers
  • Sitemap
  • Privacy Policy
  • HHS Vulnerability Disclosure

External links

  • HIVinfo.NIH.gov
  • HHS.gov
  • NIH.gov
  • Players & Viewers
  • HHS 508
  • HHS Privacy Policy
  • Whitehouse.gov
  • USA.gov
  • Freedom of Information Act

Provided in collaboration with NIH’s Office of AIDS Research.