| A-a | alveolar-arterial |
| AAFP | American Academy of Family Physicians |
| AAP | American Academy of Pediatrics |
| ACIP | Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices |
| ACOG | American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists |
| AFB | acid-fast bacteria |
| AFP | alpha-fetoprotein |
| AIN | anal intraepithelial neoplasia |
| ALT | alanine aminotransferase |
| ANC | absolute neutrophil count |
| ARDS | acute respiratory distress syndrome |
| ARN | acute retinal necrosis |
| ART | antiretroviral therapy |
| ARV | antiretroviral |
| ASCCP | American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology |
| ASC-H | atypical squamous cells—cannot exclude a high-grade intraepithelial lesion |
| ASC-US | atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance |
| BID | twice daily |
| BP | blood pressure |
| BSA | body surface area |
| BUN | blood urea nitrogen |
| cART | combination antiretroviral therapy |
| CBC | complete blood count |
| CD4 | CD4 T lymphocyte |
| CDC | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |
| CF | complement fixation |
| CFU | colony-forming unit |
| CI | confidence interval |
| CIN | cervical intraepithelial neoplasia |
| CIN1 | cervical intraepithelial neoplasia-1 |
| CMV | cytomegalovirus |
| CNS | central nervous system |
| Cr | creatinine |
| CrCl | creatinine clearance |
| CSF | cerebrospinal fluid |
| CT | computerized tomography |
| CYP450 | cytochrome P450 |
| DFA | direct fluorescent antibody |
| DOT | directly observed therapy |
| DST | drug susceptibility test |
| EIA | enzyme immunoassay |
| EKG | electrocardiogram |
| ESRD | end stage renal disease |
| EVR | early virologic response |
| FDA | U.S. Food and Drug Administration |
| FTA-ABS | fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption |
| G6PD | glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase |
| GI | gastrointestinal |
| H | hemagglutinin |
| HAB | hepatitis B (rDNA) |
| HAI | hemagglutination inhibition |
| HAV | hepatitis A virus |
| HBc | hepatitis B core antigen |
| HBeAg | hepatitis B e antigen |
| HBsAg | hepatitis B surface antigen |
| HBV | hepatitis B virus |
| HCC | hepatocellular carcinoma |
| HCV | hepatitis C virus |
| HEU | HIV-exposed but uninfected |
| HHS | U.S. Department of Health and Human Services |
| HHV-8 | human herpesvirus-8 |
| Hib | Haemophilus influenzae type b |
| HIV-1 | human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
| HIVMA | HIV Medicine Association |
| HPV | human papillomavirus |
| HRA | high-resolution anoscopy |
| HSIL | high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion |
| HSV | herpes simplex virus |
| HSV-1 | herpes simplex virus type 1 |
| HSV-2 | herpes simplex virus type 2 |
| HZ | herpes zoster |
| ICP | intracranial pressure |
| IDSA | Infectious Diseases Society of America |
| IFN | interferon |
| IFN-α | interferon-alfa |
| IFN-γ | interferon-gamma |
| IgG | immunoglobulin G |
| IgM | immunoglobulin M |
| IGRA | interferon-gamma release assay |
| IL28B | interleukin-28 |
| IM | intramuscular |
| IND | investigational new drug |
| IPD | invasive pneumococcal disease |
| IRIS | immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome |
| IU | international unit |
| IV | intravenous |
| JCV | JC (John Cunningham) virus |
| JORRP | juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis |
| KS | Kaposi sarcoma |
| KSHV | Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus |
| KS-IRIS | Kaposi sarcoma–associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome |
| LAM | lipoarabinomannan |
| LEEP | loop electrosurgical excision procedure |
| LFT | liver function test |
| LIP | lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis |
| LSIL | low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion |
| LTBI | latent tuberculosis infection |
| LV-PVA | low-viscosity polyvinyl alcohol |
| MAC | Mycobacterium avium complex |
| MDR | multidrug-resistant |
| MDR-TB | multidrug-resistant tuberculosis |
| MRI | magnetic resonance imaging |
| MRSA | methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus |
| MSM | men who have sex with men |
| MTCT | mother-to-child transmission |
| mtLSU | mitochondrial large subunit |
| N | neuraminidase |
| NAAT | nucleic acid amplification test |
| NCCN | National Comprehensive Cancer Network |
| NCCR | non-coding control region |
| NIH | National Institutes of Health |
| NNRTI | non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
| NRTI | nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
| NSAID | nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| NTM | nontuberculous mycobacteria |
| OAR | Office of AIDS Research |
| OARAC | Office of AIDS Research Advisory Council |
| OI | opportunistic infection |
| OPC | oropharyngeal candidiasis |
| OR | odds ratio |
| PaO2 | partial pressure of oxygen |
| PART | presumptive anti-relapse therapy |
| PCP | Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia |
| PCR | polymerase chain reaction |
| PDH | progressive disseminated histoplasmosis |
| PI | protease inhibitor |
| PICO | Population of interest, Intervention being considered, Comparison intervention or condition, and Outcomes of interest |
| PIDS | Pediatric Infectious Disease Society |
| PI-IBS | post-infection irritable bowel syndrome |
| PK | pharmacokinetic |
| PML | progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy |
| PMTCT | prevention of mother-to-child transmission |
| QFT | QuantiFERON-TB |
| QID | four times daily |
| QTc | QT corrected for heart rate |
| RDT | rapid diagnostic test |
| RIDT | rapid influenza diagnostic test |
| RPR | rapid plasma reagin |
| RR | relative risk; risk ratio |
| RT | reverse transcription |
| RT-PCR | reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction |
| RVR | rapid virological response |
| SAF | sodium acetate-acetic acid-formalin |
| SC | squamous cell |
| SIL | squamous intraepithelial lesion |
| SJS | Stevens-Johnson Syndrome |
| SMR | sexual maturity rating |
| SQ | subcutaneous |
| STD | sexually transmitted disease |
| SVR | sustained virologic response |
| TB | tuberculosis |
| TBM | tuberculous meningitis |
| TDM | therapeutic drug monitoring |
| TE | Toxoplasma encephalitis |
| TID | three times daily |
| TP-PA | T. pallidum particle agglutination |
| TST | tuberculin skin test |
| ULN | upper limit of normal |
| USPHS | U.S. Public Health Service |
| VAERS | Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System |
| VaIN | vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia |
| Var | varicella |
| VDRL | Venereal Disease Research Laboratory |
| VIN | vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia |
| VZV | varicella-zoster virus |
| WBC | white blood cell |
| WHO | World Health Organization |
| XDR | extensively drug-resistant |
| XDR-TB | extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis |
| YMDD | tyrosine-methionine-aspartate-aspartate |
