Body
Adverse Effects | Associated ARVs | Onset/Clinical Manifestations | Estimated Frequency | Risk Factors | Prevention/ Monitoring | Management |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nausea/Vomiting |
All ARV drugs, but most notably RTV-boosted PIs |
Onset
Presentation
|
Varies by ARV agent; generally <15% |
Unknown |
|
|
Diarrhea |
All ARV drugs, but most notably RTV-boosted PIs |
Onset
Presentation
|
Varies by ARV agent; generally <15% |
Unknown |
Monitor for weight loss and dehydration. |
|
Pancreatitis |
Rare, but may occur with NRTIs or RTV-boosted PIs |
Onset
Presentation
|
<2% |
Use of concomitant medications that are associated with pancreatitis (e.g., TMP-SMX, pentamidine, ribavirin) Hypertriglyceridemia Advanced HIV infection Previous episode of pancreatitis Alcohol use |
Measure serum amylase and lipase concentrations if persistent abdominal pain develops. |
|
Key: ART = antiretroviral therapy; ARV = antiretroviral; FDA = U.S. Food and Drug Administration; NRTI = nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PI = protease inhibitor; RTV = ritonavir; TG = triglyceride; TMP-SMX = trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole |